初一到初三的英语语法知识点总结

英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。

英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。

如：The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。

如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、宾语：表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。

如：He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意：

（1）有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物（直接宾语）,一个指人（间接宾语）。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

（2）有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。

如：He is a student. We are tired.

注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，

（1）表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

（2）表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

（3）表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）

The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）

I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）

注意：

（1）当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting.

（2）不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、状语：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。

（1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；

如：I am very sorry.

（2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

（3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

如：We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。

如：He made me sad.（形容词）

She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）

The war made him a soldier.（名词）

I find him at home.（介词短语）

I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）

8、同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

一.宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代词：who, whose, what ,which 。副词：when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略

1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can't tell him that his mother died.

注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.