定语从句（Ⅱ）——where,when,why,“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句

(1)where的先行词大多是地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语从句 。

This is the school where/in which my father once worked.

这是我父亲曾经工作过的学校

(2) where的先行词还可以是抽象名词, 如stage,case, situation,position等。

例 They have reached the stage where/at which they will separate

他们已经到了将要分手的地步了。

(1)when的先行词是时间名词,在定语从句中作时间状语。例 Do you remember the day when/on which we first met each other ?

你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?

(2)when的先行词还可以是抽象

名词, 如break, interval等。

例 There is a long break between the two classes when/at which we can drink some water .

在两节课之间有一个长的休息时词,在这期间我们可以喝点水。

why的先行词是reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。reason作先行词时,若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句要用that或 which引导。

例 I don ' t know the reason why/for which my good friend , jack ,looks unhappy today.

我不知道我的好朋友杰克为什么今天看上去不高兴。

(1) The reason why…..是why引导的定语从句,Why在从句中作原因状语,Why可替换成 for which。

(2) The reason that……是that引导的同位语从句,that不作成分,that后面的内容说明 reason的内容。

(3) The reason is that……是that引导的表语从句,不能用wihy。

(1)“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句,又能引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词指物时,关系代词用which;先行词指人时,关系代词用whom。

例 This is the room in which we lived last year.

例He is the person on whom you can depend.

(2)“介词+关系代词”结枸中的介词的确定可以根据因定搭配或句子的意思来选择。

例 He is warm-hearted man to whom we often turn for help.

“turnto sb. for help”为固定搭配

例 My uncle bought me a telescope,through which I observe the stars.