直接引语和间接引语（一）

引述别人的话有两种方式:一种是使用引号引出别人的原话,这叫作直接引语;另一种是用己的话把别人的话转述出来,这叫作间接引语。

直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的变化。

例 John said , "I’m going to london with my father .”

约翰说:“我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语。)

例 John said that he was going to london with his father

约翰说他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语,时态随主句变成一般过去时。)

(1)人称変化

在直接引语中,代词要随句意进行改变。若直接引语中有第一人称,变词接引语时应与引述部分的主语的人称相一致;

若有第二人称,变间接引语时应与引述部分的宾语的人称相一致;直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。

直接引语 He said,” I like it very much.”

间接引语 He said that he liked it very much.

他说他非常喜欢它。

直接引语He said to Mrs. Green,"How do you go to work every day?"

间接引语He asked Mrs green how she went to work every day.

他问格林大人她每天怎么去上班。

直接引语My father said,”Jack is a good neighbor.”

间接引语My father said that jack was agood neighbor .

我父亲说杰克是一个好邻居。

(2)时态变化

直接引语在变为间接引语时,若引述动词是一过去时,时态需要相应的调整。即主句为过去时态,间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。

直接引语She said,”I do morning exercises every day.”

间接引语She said that she did morning exercises every day.

她说她每天进行晨练

直接引语He said,"l' m using the knife.”

间接引语He said that he was using the knife.

他说他正在用那把刀子

直接引语 I asked her , " where have you spent your holiday ?”

间接引语 I asked her where she had spenther holiday.

我问她去哪里度假了

(3)句式变化

①直接引语为陈述句式,转化为间接引语时变为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat, explain, think等。

直接引语 He said,”I caught a cold yesterday.”

间接引语 He said(that) he had caught a cold the day before

他说他前一天感冒了。

②直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句,间接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

直接引语 “Didyou go to the British Museum yesterday?”asked Kate.

间接引语 Kate asked me if I had gone to theBritish Museum the day before.

凯特问我前一天有设有去大英博物馆

③直接引语是选择疑问句,间接引语变为 whether…or引导的宾语从句。

直接引语I asked him”Will you saty athome or go to the cinema tonight ? "

间接引语 I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to the cinema thatnight.

我问他那天晚上他是待在家里还是去看电影了。

④直接引语是特殊疑问句,间接引语变为由原来疑问词引导的宾语从句,此时的宾语从句用陈述句语序。

直接引语 “What do you do in your free time?" he asked me.

间接引语 He asked me what I did in myfree time.

他问我业余时间做什么。