希腊神话谚语英文版

1.英语中有哪些谚语是来自古希腊神话故事

1.An Apple of Discord争斗之源；不和之因；祸根

An Apple of Discord直译为"纠纷的苹果"，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事

传说希腊阿耳戈英雄（Argonaut）珀琉斯（Peleus）和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯（Thetis）在珀利翁山举行婚礼，大摆宴席。他们邀请了奥林匹斯上（Olympus）的诸神参加喜筵，不知是有意还是无心，惟独没有邀请掌管争执的女神厄里斯（Eris）。这位女神恼羞成怒，决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。于是，她不请自来，并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着"属于最美者"几个字。天后赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂（Aphrodite），都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得"最美者"称号。她们争执不下，闹到众神之父宙斯（Zeus）那里，但宙斯碍于难言之隐，不愿偏袒任何一方，就要她们去找特洛伊的王子帕里斯（Paris）评判。三位女神为了获得金苹果，都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处：赫拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利，雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉，阿芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之间选择了后者，便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。为此，赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯，连带也憎恨整个特洛伊人。后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言，帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯的王后——绝世美女海伦（Helen），从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。不和女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果，不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源，而且也成为了人间2个民族之间战争的起因。

The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害

The Heel of Achilles直译是"阿基里斯的脚踵"，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。

阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗《伊利亚特》里的主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河（Styx）圣水里浸泡。因此阿基里斯浑身像钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳（Hector），而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗（Apollo）把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。

The Trojan Horse木马计；暗藏的危险；奸细

The Trojan Horse直译"特洛伊木马"，是个国际性成语，在世界各主要语言中都有。来自拉丁语equns Trojanus.这个成语甚至还进入到汉语词汇中。

这个成语出自荷马史诗《奥德赛》。希腊人和特洛伊人交战10年之久，胜负未决。最后，希腊著名的英雄奥德修斯（Odusseus）想出了一个木马计，用木头做了一匹巨马，放在特洛伊城外。全体希腊将士伪装撤退，乘船隐藏在附近的海湾里，而奥德修斯率领20名勇士事先藏进马肚。特洛伊人误认为希腊人已经败退，大开城门，看到城外的巨大木马，以为这是希腊人敬神的礼物，就把它当作战利品拖进城来，大摆宴席，欢庆胜利。到了半夜，特洛伊人好梦正在酣，毫无戒备的时候，藏在木马里的希腊英雄们都爬了出来，打开城门，发出信号，与附近海湾里返回的希腊大军里应外合，一举摧毁了特洛伊城。

罗马哲学、文学、戏剧、美术等，无一不是承继了希腊文化的衣钵。

就是本来其神性跟希腊宗教毫无关系的罗马 诸神，后来也都分别把他们对比作希腊奥林匹斯诸神，所以自古“希腊、罗马神话”就 被混为一谈。古希腊有名的一句谚语“光明来自东方”，这本来是形容古老的亚非文化 对古希腊文化的影响，如今可以原封不动地移用到希腊文化对罗马文化的影响上。

希腊化文化以排山倒海之势涌进了罗马，结果使武力征服者的罗马人变成了被征服者 ，因而也曾经惹起一些民族主义者的反抗。如大加图和瓦罗都反对希腊学术。

特别是加 图写了一本关于医学和农业的书，来以此证明罗马人比希腊人高明，他憎恶和蔑视希腊 人和希腊文化，认为希腊人的著作只配供查阅而不配供研究。然而他的著作却大量地运 用了希腊人的资料。

（25）（注：参阅M.P.加图：《农业志》及译者王阁森之译文，商务 印书馆1986年版，第7页。）但是大多数罗马人都努力把希腊人的学问吸收过来。

正如罗 马大诗人贺拉斯所歌颂的：“被征服者希腊反而战胜了征服者罗马，使粗野的拉丁民族 迈向文明开化。”的确，罗马人继承了希腊文化遗产，接着再由罗马远征军把她传遍世 界各地，使罗马人在人类文明史上建下不朽之功。

Once there was a king named Acrisius, he had a beautiful daughter named Danae. The oracle of Apollo told Acrisius that Danae's son would one day kill him. Acrisius could not let that happen, so he locked Danae in a bronze tower so that she would never marry or have children.The tower had no doors, but it had one very small window. Danae was very sad, but one day a bright shower of gold came through the small window. A man appeared, he had a thunderbolt in his hand and Danae knew he was a god, but she didn't know which. The man said, "Yes, I am a god and I wish to make you my wife. I can make this dark prison a wonderful sunny land with many flowers " All happened as he said, the horrible prison became fields almost as wonderful as the Elysian Fields themselves, but one day Acrisius saw light coming out of the small window. He told his men to tear down one of the walls. He walked into the tower and saw Danae with a baby on her lap, smiling she said, "I have named him Perseus." Acrisius was furious, he shut Danae and baby Perseus up in a large chest and cast them out to sea.Somehow they got safely to the island of Seriphos where Polydectes was king. The kings brother who was a fisherman, caught them in his net and pulled them to shore, his name was Dictys. Perseus grew up to become a strong young man. Polydectes heard about Danae and wanted her to marry him, but she rejected him. Polydectes would have married Danae by force if Perseus wasn't there to protect her.Polydectes decided on a plan to get rid of Perseus. Polydectes pretended to be marrying a daughter of a friend of his. Everybody had to bring a present, including Perseus. Polydectes pretended to be furious when Perseus arrived empty-handed, for he was not only very strong and brave but very poor. "What, no wedding present?" yelled Polydectes. " I don't have any money." exclaimed Perseus. " That's what you get for a lazy good-for-nothing." said Polydectes. Perseus was furious. "I can bring you any present in the world, anything." he said. "Then bring me the head of the gorgon Medusa!" replied Polydectes. "Fine!" said Perseus.So he went of on his perilous voyage. For days he wandered, searching for the gorgons lair. One night in an unknown country he realized how hopeless things were. The gorgons were horrible, instead of hair they had black serpents that writhed on their head, they had brazen hands that could have squashed poor Perseus, but worst of all if you looked a gorgon you were instantly turned to stone.Then suddenly a tall woman and a young man with winged sandals appeared. The man said, "I am Hermes and this is our sister Athena. Yes, you are a son of Zeus. We have some things that may help you in slaying Medusa. Here are my winged sandals and the sickle which Cronos used to overpower Uranus and Zeus used against mighty Typhoeus." "And here is a gifts from me." said Athena, "Use this shield to reflect the image of Medusa so you won't be turned to stone." "You must find the Graeae and get them to tell you how to get to the Nymphs of the North, they will give you the cap of darkness and give you a magic wallet and tell you how to get to the Gorgons' lair." Hermes said.So Perseus went to the cave of the Graeae. The Graeae were strange women, there were three of them having only one eye for all three of them which they constantly fought over. Perseus hid behind some bushes and watched them. When one took out the eye to give to another Perseus sprang from his hiding place and snatched the eye from them. Then he said, "I have your eye and if you don't tell me how to find the Nymphs of the North you shall never have it back!" So they reluctantly told them how to find the Nymphs of the North. He gave them back their eye and flew off on his winged sandals.The kindly Nymphs of the North gave him the Cap of Darkness which has the power to make it's wearer invisible and the magic wallet. They told him how to reach the gorgons' lair. Perseus went farther north until he found an island surrounded by rocks and statues which used to be men.Perseus raised his shield and saw Medusa and her sisters asleep, he put on the Cap of Darkness and flew down. He swung the sickle and felt it tearing through sinew and bone. Still looking into the shield, he put Medusa's head in the magic wallet. Medusa's sisters woke up and attacked Perseus. He flew quickly away on his winged sandals and was not hurt.On his way back to Seriphus he had many adventures, one was that when he saw the Atlas holding up the sky Perseus was 。

应该是Archilles吧~Archilles' Heel是指致命的弱点，要害.古希腊神话中的Archilles是海神之子，荷马史诗中的英雄，传说他的母亲曾把他浸在冥河里使其能刀枪不入.但因冥河水流湍急，母亲捏着他的脚后跟不敢松手，所以脚踵（因为脚后跟没有泡到）是最脆弱的地方，一个致命之处.因此埋下祸根.长大后，Archilles作战英勇无比，但终于给人发现了弱点，在特洛伊战争中，Archilles杀死了特洛伊王子Hector，因而惹怒了赫克托耳的保护神阿波罗，于是太阳神用箭射中了的脚后跟，送了这位勇士的命.[[[[但是我看电影Troy时、Archilles是被Pairs射的箭射中脚后跟而死的~]]]]这就是至今流传在欧洲的谚语“Archilles' Heel”的来历.任何一个强者都会有自己的致命伤，没有不死的战神，是这个神话告诉人们的一个道理.。

1.Thanks to her agent,a veritable Pygmalion,she was transfomed from an ugly duckling into a Hollywood beauty.皮格马利翁（Pygmalion）是塞浦路斯国（Cyprus）国王，也是一位雕刻家。

他爱上了自己所雕塑的少女像（Galatea），爱与美的女神阿佛洛狄特（Aphrodite）见其感情真挚，赋予雕像以生命，使两人结为夫妻。Pygmalion现在喻指“对他人或物抱有积极主动、热切期盼态度的人”。

例句中Pygmalion正是取了该意。1968年罗森塔尔（R.Rosenthal）与雅各布森（K.Jacobson）发表了一份名为《教室中的皮格马利翁》（Pygmalion in the Classroom）的研究报告。

这项研究的目的在于纠正教师的偏见。实验开始时，研究者对l~6年级的学生实施智力测验。

然后他们在每个班级挑选出一些儿童，挑选标准不是根据智力测验的成绩，而是把出身贫穷家庭的学生挑选出来，因为研究者知道他们平常在班上遭受教师的歧视。研究者把挑选出来的学生名单交给教师，告诉他们这些是特殊儿童，智商高，而且还有提高的可能性。

一个学期之后，再进行测验，这些所谓的特殊儿童真正获得了智力测验分数的提高。一年以后，进行第三次测验，结果显示这些所谓的特殊儿童在智力测验分数上继续提高；只有低年级组除外，因为低年级的任课教师有变动。

新教师不知道研究者所指定的特殊儿童，因此，便没有特殊地看待。这个实验表明教师对待学生的态度对学生的学习成绩产生很大的影响。

心理学上的“皮格马利翁效应”指的就是这种情形。2.The present school curriculum seems to some students a procrustean bed.句中的procrustean是形容词，由专有名词派生而来。

procrustes是古希腊阿提卡（Attica）一带的巨人，译为柏鲁克洛斯德。他拦路抢劫，把受害人绑在床榻之上。

如果受害人身高超过床榻，柏鲁克洛斯德就截断其下肢；如果受害人身高短于床榻，他就抻长其下肢，使其与床榻齐长。procrustean 现在喻指“强求一致的；削足适履的”； procrustean bed喻指“强求一致的制度或政策”。

例句中procrustean bed正是取了该意。钱智修在1919年10月出版的《教育杂志》第11卷10号发表一篇译文“问题教授法”（Problem method）。

文中有一段文字就引用了Procrustes的典故，一针见血地指出了传统教育的弊端：“希腊稗史，有大盗曰柏鲁克洛斯德（procrustes）者，每捕人必使卧于铁床之上，体之长者则截之使短，其短者则引之使长，最能形容旧式教育之流弊。盖旧式教育所注意者，在课程之一方面；而于儿童之一方面，则未遑注意，势不至削足适履不止也”（徐珍，1996:65）。

3.The Argus-eyed examiner certainly contributed to the honesty of the candidates.Argus是希腊神话中的百眼巨人，译为阿耳戈斯。他受命护卫宙斯（Zeus）所钟爱的少女——艾奥（Io），后被众神的使者赫耳墨斯（Hermes）所杀。

他的眼睛被放在了孔雀的尾巴上。Argus 现在喻指“机警之人”；Argus-eyed 喻指“机警的；目光锐利的”。

例句中Argus-eyed 正是取了该意。有目光敏锐的监考者在场，考生的诚实程度也随之有所提高。

4.The preparation of the Oxford English Dictionary was a Herculean task.句中的Herculean是形容词，由专有名词Her-cules派生而来。Hercules是宙斯（Zeus）与阿尔克墨涅（Alcmene ）之子，译为赫拉克勒斯。

他是一位力大无比的英雄，克服了种种艰难困苦，冒险完成了12项强加给他的任务。Hercules现在喻指“无比英勇之人”；Herculean喻指“极其骁勇的；艰巨的”。

例句中Herculean取“艰巨的”之意。编纂字典无疑是一项艰苦卓绝的工作。

5.Tired of political dodges,the would-be candidate decided to cut the Gordian knot by announcing that he would run.句中的Gordian是形容词，由专有名词Gordian派生而来。Gordian是弗里吉亚国（Phrygia）国王，译为戈尔迪。

他打了一个复杂难解的结，被称为“戈尔迪的结”（Gordian knot）。当马其顿国王亚历山大听到神谕允诺，解开此结者将成为下一个亚洲之王时，在无法解开此结的情况下，他挥舞利剑将其斩开。

Gordian knot现在喻指“难办的事，复杂的问题”；cut the Gordian knot 喻指“快刀斩乱麻式地解决复杂问题”。例句中cut the Gordian knot正是取了该意，“这位竞选者厌倦了躲躲闪闪的方式，决定直截了当地宣布参加竞选。”

6.He was thought of as a titan of the American automobile industry.Titan是天神马拉诺斯（Uranus）与大地女神盖亚（Gaea）之子，译为泰坦，是一位巨神。Titan现在喻指“巨物；巨人，有成就的人”。

例句中的titan取“有成就的人”之意，“他被认为是美国汽车工业的巨头。”7.The multimillionaire wondered, with satisfaction, if he truly had the Midas touch.迈达斯（Midas）是弗里吉亚国（Phrygia）国王，他要求神赐予他一种特殊的魔力，能把他触摸到的一切变成黄金。

现在Midas喻指“大富翁；善于赚大钱之人”。 the Midas touch喻指“赚大钱的本领”。

例句中 the Midas touch正是取了该意，“这位大富翁志得意满，思量着自己是否真正具备了赚大钱的本领。”8.Vietnam was President Johns。

The Olympin Gods Between Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain.Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens.On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness. At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men. Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards.All the gods listened to his final words,it was true.But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of twelve members,including six gods and six goddesses. The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself. He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt .Next to him was Hera,his proud and greeneyed queen.Poseidon was ruler of the sea,And Hades,king of the lower world,had no seat in the committee.Apollo was the god of the sun,music and poetry,while his twinsister Artemis was the goddess of the moon and the chase. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of house holdarts.Hestin,the goddess of the family,represented home life and family happiness.The frightening Ares was the god of war,and the charming Aphrodite the goddess of love and beauty.The god of fire,Hephaestus,was the forger of the thunderbolts of Zeus.The wing footed messenger Hermes was the god of invention and commerce;and the goddess of grains and harvests,Demeter,looked after agriculture and stood for mother ofcivilization. All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace. Often moved by human feelings and desires,they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy.They became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man. Among themselves at Olympus they plotted and struggled for power.In the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties.They enjoyed earthly friendships and loves.Acrowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at Olympus actually were. 奥林波斯山神 在马其顿和希腊东部的色萨利之间矗立着一座高山。

大雾弥漫的山顶直插云霄。山顶上，众神们的家园沐浴在阳光之中。

宙斯作为山神和人类之父主宰着那里的一切。总的说来，宙斯并不是一个独裁统治者。

但毫无疑问，凡事山神们都要听从他的命令。宙斯将男女山神12人组成一个委员会，宙斯本人则坐第一把交椅，是众神与人类的太上皇，也是雷电的操纵者。

他旁边是他那傲慢且嫉妒的皇后赫拉。波塞冬是大海的统治者。

哈得斯是主宰阴间的冥王，他在委员会中没有席位。阿波罗是太阳神、音乐和诗神。

他的孪生姐妹阿耳特弥斯是月亮和狩猎女神。雅典娜是智慧女神和家居艺术品的守护女神。

赫提斯是家室之神，象征着家庭中的生命与幸福。气势汹汹的阿瑞斯是战神。

媚人的阿芙罗狄蒂是爱与美神。火神赫菲斯托斯是宙斯雷电的创造者。

以翅代步的信使海尔墨斯掌管商业与发明事务。谷物与丰收女神得墨特尔负责管理农业，她是文明之母。

以上所提到的主要天神们都假装成凡人的样子，他们的美丽与魅力无可匹敌。因常受到凡人情感与愿望的感染，他们不时地勃然大怒，妒嫉别人。

他们卷入与人类世界无休止的争斗中。在奥林波斯，他们之间也充满了阴谋与权力之争。

在凡人的世界里，他们经历了敌对与挫折。他们珍惜人间的爱与友善。

这群长生不老的天神们的外表与行为完全符合人间的方式。这就是奥林波斯山神们的本来面目。

1.潘多拉的盒子 Pandora's Box

潘多拉是希腊神话中第一个尘世女子。普罗米修斯盗天火给人间后，主神宙斯为惩罚人类，命令神用黏土塑成一个年轻美貌、虚伪狡诈的姑娘，取名“潘多拉”，意为“具有一切天赋的女人”，并给了她一个礼盒，然后将她许配给普罗米修斯的弟弟埃庇米修斯。

埃庇米修斯不顾禁忌地接过礼盒，潘多拉趁机打开它，于是各种恶习、灾难和疾病立即从里面飞出来。盒子里只剩下唯一美好的东西：希望。但希望还没来得及飞出来，潘多拉就将盒子永远地关上了。“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源。

Pandora was the first earthly woman in Greek mythology. After Prometheus had stolen fire from heaven, Zeus, the god of god, punished mankind by making a beautiful, hypocritical, and cunning girl from clay.

He named her Pandora, which means "woman of all gifts," and gave her a gift box. When epimetheus took the box in spite of taboos, Pandora opened it, and all sorts of vices, disasters, and diseases flew out of it.

There was only one good thing left in the box: hope. But before she could fly out, Pandora closed the box for good. "Pandora's box" is used to describe the source of the disaster.

An Apple of Discord争斗之源；不和之因；祸根

Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"，表示a beautiful girl or woman; a beauty who ruins her country或a terrible disaster brought by sb. or sth. you like best的意思。

The Trojan Horse木马计；暗藏的危险；奸细

A Penelope's Web亦作The Web of Penelope故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作

The Augean Stable(s)肮脏的地方；藏垢纳秽之所；积弊

A Gordian Knot难解的结；难题；难点

between Scylla and Charybdis：进退维谷；腹背受敌

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