吐鲁番的英语导游词

吐鲁番市隶属新疆维吾尔自治区，位于新疆维吾尔自治区中部，是全国著名的干热区，也是新丝绸之路和亚欧大陆桥的重要交通枢纽。接下来是小编为大家整理的关于吐鲁番的英语导游词，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!

吐鲁番的英语导游词1

Dear tourists

Xinjiang is the largest grape producing area in China, and also the birthplace of grape cultivation in China. According to the survey, there are more than 50 grape varieties in Xinjiang. Especially in Turpan, grapes are planted everywhere, accounting for more than 90% of the total grape planting area in Xinjiang, making it a "Kingdom of grapes". The grape of Turpan evokes our infinite reverie. The wonderful lyrics of "the grapes in Turpan are ripe, and anaerhan's heart is drunk" sung among people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang fully express people's admiration for grapes. Grape is known as "Pearl and agate" and has become the symbol of "hometown of melons and fruits" in Xinjiang. Now let's go to the most beautiful place in Turpan, Grape Valley, to experience anaerhan's intoxicated mood!

Tourists, our car is driving by the flame mountain, and the west end of the mountain is the Grape Valley.

Putaogou is a north-south river valley in Huoyanshan mountains, with a total length of 7 km and a maximum width of 2 km. It is full of vineyards, inhabited by Uygur, Hui, Han and other ethnic fruit farmers. If you walk into the Grape Valley, you will see the people's canal from Tianshan Mountain. The water passes through the valley. The trees are luxuriant, the air is humid, and the climate is cool and pleasant, which is in sharp contrast to the blazing flame mountain. Looking up at the volcano and looking down at the green space, it is really a good place for summer.

Vineyard → seedless grapes → raisin drying room now we come to the vineyard. The grapes here are like the green clouds covering the sky and the green carpet covering the ground. They are connected by pieces, and the green shade covers the sun. They are fruitful. The vineyard in the grapevine Valley covers an area of more than 400 hectares. The main varieties are seedless white grape, MARUKI grape, rose red, kashhar, bijiagan, black grape, soso grape, etc. In addition, jingzaojing, aimina, seedless purple, seedless red, rose fragrance and other excellent grape varieties are introduced from abroad. Its fruit shape is different, there are spherical, oval, cylindrical, oval, some bright like agate, some crystal like pearls, and some green as jade. With an annual output of more than 6000 tons of grapes and more than 300 tons of raisins, it can be called the "world vineyard".

The outstanding grape in Xinjiang is seedless white grape, which is widely planted in Grape Valley. Look! The "Green Pearls" with oval fruit grains and light yellow green fruit hanging on the grape trellis are seedless. It has thin skin, crisp meat, juicy and sweet taste. The sugar content of the fresh fruit is more than 24%, which exceeds the sugar content of California grape in the United States and becomes the sweetest grape in the world. Because it has no seeds, it is most suitable for drying raisins. After drying, it contains more than 75% sugar, protein, organic acid and other nutrients. It is a good dry fruit with rich nutrition. The seedless raisins, which are crystal clear and jade like, are green and bright in color, sweet and sour to eat, and are known as "China Green Pearl".

The second largest cultivated area in the grape ditch is maruzi grape. Its fruit is long columnar or spindle shaped, with thin and tough skin, juicy and crisp flesh, no fragrance, but especially sweet. It is worth mentioning that due to the unique natural conditions such as low-lying, high temperature, less precipitation and strong solar radiation, all grapes in Turpan Basin are free of diseases and pests, let alone spraying pesticides. As a result, Xinjiang raisin is famous at home and abroad, becoming a rare natural non-toxic fruit.

Tourists, walking in the green corridor, looking at the attractive grapes, it's really very comfortable! Just now some tourists asked: how are raisins made? Look! The flat topped, rectangular, civil structure house in front of us is a drying room specially built for drying raisins. The wall of drying room is a perforated wall made of soil blocks, and the rectangular holes mainly play the role of free ventilation. The door of the drying room is mostly located in the north or East, which can reduce the sunlight on the one hand, and on the other hand, when transporting grapes, if the drying room can't hold for a while, it can be temporarily placed on the north wall outside the drying room, so that it won't be exposed to the sunlight for several hours, and the quality of the dried grapes will not change. In Turpan, such air drying houses can be seen everywhere, but most of them are built on the hillside or on the Bank of ditch, where the terrain is open, flat, well ventilated and dry. At this point, tourists may have understood that the method of making raisins in Turpan is unique. It is not only different from other countries that use the sun to expose themselves to the sun, but also not use artificial heating and drying. Instead, it is completely dried by the dry and warm climate. In this way, the chlorophyll in the grape fruit is completely preserved, and the grape turns dry green. Among the raisins with an annual output of about ten thousand tons in the world, it can also be regarded as an exclusive product.

In addition to raisins, Turpan wine is also very famous for its good color, aroma and long brewing history. Wang Han, a poet of Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising: "the wine is beautiful, sprinkle the luminous cup. If you want to drink pipa, you will be urged immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in the past The poet's famous lines describe the charm of grape wine and the heroic spirit of the general galloping on the battlefield.

Tourists, now we are in the north of Putaogou. On a marble tablet in front of us is written "Putaogou" 3. This is the handwriting of Peng Zhen, former chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. You can take photos here.

Here the water is gurgling and the grape stands are full. We stroll in the grape corridor, just like enjoying the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. We don't know that we are in the Flaming Mountain in the scorching sun. Through the stone bridge and in the grape Kingdom, you can see the spring water seeping from the gravel layer of the cliff, converging into a pool. The fish in the pool seem to be as happy as the tourists. The fish are happy, the people are happy, and the spring is clearer.

Tourists, now we have a rest in the corridor of Grape Valley. We all sit around and enjoy the surrounding landscape. We also taste all kinds of fresh grapes and fruits with different colors, sizes and tastes. We are addicted to eating grapes. By the way, since 1990, the "China Silk Road Turpan Grape Festival" has been held in Turpan from August 20 to 26 every year. Grape in Turpan has broken through its own boundaries and become a bridge of cultural exchanges and a link of economic and trade exchanges.

There are also grape Museum, wine tasting point, Folk Museum and other visiting facilities in the tourist area, as well as Uygur folk music performances. We will visit them after a short rest.

吐鲁番的英语导游词2

Welcome to Turpan. When talking about Turpan, people can't help thinking of Wang Luobin, the "king of Western singing". His "Turpan grapes are ripe, and anaerhan's heart is drunk". The beautiful lyrics and moving melody bring us into a picturesque realm. Now let's go into Turpan and feel its magic charm together! Turpan's geographical characteristics → climate characteristics "the hottest, the lowest, the driest and the sweetest" are people's image description of Turpan, which also accurately summarizes Turpan's geographical and climatic characteristics. Tourists, let's first introduce the geographical location and topographic features of Turpan. Turpan is located in the central part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, bordering Hami in the East, Bayinguoleng in the West and south, 183 km from Urumqi in the northwest and Changji in the north. It is about 300 kilometers long from east to west and 240 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 64000 square kilometers, accounting for 4.2% of the total area of Xinjiang. The terrain is characterized by two mountains and one basin, Bogda mountain and kuluktag mountain are in the north and south, and Turpan Basin is in the middle. There are two counties and one city under its jurisdiction, namely Dushan County, Toksun county and Turpan city. The total population is about 520000. The main ethnic groups are Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazak, Manchu, Russian and so on.

Turpan Basin is an olive shaped Intermountain basin in the east of Tianshan Mountains. It is surrounded by mountains, high in the north and low in the south, wide in the West and narrow in the East. Due to the Himalayan orogeny about 30 million years ago, a variety of geological structures and landforms have been formed. In the north there is Bogda peak, which is covered with snow all the year round at an altitude of 5445 meters. In the middle there is Flaming Mountain, which stretches 100 kilometers from east to west. In the Flaming Mountain, there is a famous Grape Valley 7 kilometers long. The most peculiar is Aiding Lake, which is 154 meters below sea level. It is the lowest basin in China and the second dead sea of Jordan, which is 391 meters below sea level The second lowest land in the world. Turpan Basin integrates snow mountains, river valleys, sand dunes and lakes, just like a giant landscape painting, which makes people stop and linger.

Because of its unique geographical environment, Turpan has become the place with the highest temperature in summer in China. From June to August every year, the average temperature here ranges from 35 ℃ to 37 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature reaches 49.6 ℃, and the surface temperature exceeds 70 ℃. Therefore, people describe it as "a place where eggs can be baked in sand nest and big cakes can be baked on stone slab". When our cars travel through the village, we can also see such a novel phenomenon, that is, every family's bed is placed outside the house, which is how the local residents spend the hot summer. Therefore, it is appropriate for people to call Turpan "Huozhou" since ancient times. However, although the absolute temperature here is very high, the temperature difference between day and night is large. In addition, there are often strong winds in the basin. Even if it is extremely hot during the day, once the sun sets and night falls, the temperature will gradually cool down. Especially in spring and autumn, the temperature difference is more obvious,

Just like two seasons, "wearing fur coat in the morning and yarn in the afternoon" is a true portrayal of the climate characteristics of Turpan Basin.

Turpan is dry and rainless. Almost 10 months of the year, there is no rain or snow. The average annual precipitation is 16.6 mm, but the evaporation is as high as 3000 mm. The precipitation season is mainly in summer. The climate of Turpan Basin is often described as "dry without rain" because of small rainfall, coarse raindrop and short precipitation time. As a part of precipitation, snowfall is rare in Turpan Basin. The average snowfall in winter is less than 2mm. However, the year-round snow on Bogda mountain provides endless water for the basin. By digging the Kaner well, the local people lead the melting water from the snow mountain to the ground through the underground flow, irrigate the fertile land, and breed a vibrant desert oasis.

The closed basin, thin cloud cover, strong solar radiation and extremely high temperature form abundant heat resources. In Turpan Basin, where the sky is high and the clouds are light, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3000 hours. Abundant heat resources provide an ideal environment for the growth of thermophilic crops such as melons, fruits and cotton. For example, Turpan Grape, which is famous at home and abroad, has a history of more than 2000 years and has more than 300 varieties. After testing, the sugar content of Turpan Grape is as high as 22% - 26%, which is higher than that of California grape (20%) with the highest sugar content. Turpan Grape is the sweetest grape in the world. Tourists, after introducing the geography of Turpan, let's review its history

Turpan, known as Gaochang, Xizhou and Huozhou in ancient times, became the political, economic and cultural center of the western regions more than 2000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, and was a famous town on the ancient Silk Road. The former state of Cheshi, built by local Cheshi people, once dominated here for a while. In the Jin Dynasty, it was the location of the capital of the western regions, where the "Gaochang county" was established. After the fall of Gaochang Kingdom, the Tang Dynasty set up "Xizhou" here. In Song Dynasty, the Uighur people moved westward and established the kingdom of Gaochang. In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, "Huozhou" and "Hezhou" were established. Zhili Hall of Turpan was set up in Qing Dynasty. Turpan county was set up in 1913. In 1985, the county was removed and Turpan city was established. Turpan was also one of the earliest regions in Xinjiang to open to the outside world. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, foreign exchanges have been very frequent. Businessmen, monks and envoys from the Central Plains to India, Persia and the Mediterranean coast have come in an endless stream, leaving Turpan with many beautiful legends. Tourists, coming to Turpan, seem to have read a thick historical picture. There are the ancient cities of Jiaohe and Gaochang, which are full of the vicissitudes of war, the exquisite and gorgeous frescoes of bazkrik dry Buddha cave, the ancient tombs of Astana, which is known as the underground museum, and the Sugong pagoda, which is an ancient building with Islamic style. They show people the historical features of different times. History has left Turpan not only ruins, but also a long culture. The folk customs here are rich and colorful, and the people here are enthusiastic and good at singing and dancing. If at night in Turpan Hotel grape rack, while tasting fruits, while enjoying "wheat"

The "seraph" party will definitely make you feel relaxed and happy. Tourists, this is the general situation of Turpan. Maybe some tourists have to say that after talking for a long time, I haven't expressed the Chinese meaning of "Turpan". Yes, Turpan is a Turkic language, which means "rich and fertile place". After listening to the translation of the name and comparing with the previous introduction, do you have the same feeling? I hope Turpan, a beautiful and rich place, can add more fun to your travel.

2 tour guide to the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik The special geographical location of the Silk Road makes Xinjiang an important channel for cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Therefore, religious art in Xinjiang is very prosperous, and all major religions have a place here. In addition to Islam, Nestorianism and Manichaeism, Buddhism has the most far-reaching influence. Caves and stone carvings all over Xinjiang fully prove this. Today we are going to visit Is located in the middle of the flame mountain gorge in the baizikrik thousand Buddha cave. Origin of the name → historical status → general situation of the caves

Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave, known as "ningrong Grottoes" in Tang Dynasty, is located in mutougou gorge of Huoyan mountain, about 60 km northeast of Turpan City, only 15 km south of the old city of Gaochang. It is one of the larger and famous Buddhist grottoes in Xinjiang. Bozikrik means "hillside" in Uighur and "decorative painting" in Turkic.

Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave was first excavated in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, namely the Qushi Gaochang state (ad

During the seven centuries of Tang, Five Dynasties, song and Yuan Dynasties, it was one of the Buddhist centers in the western regions. Gaochang Uighur period (9th-13th century A.D.) is the most prosperous period of the grottoes. Therefore, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik is considered as "the most important, the most abundant, the most complete and the most representative art treasure house in Uighur Buddhist art". Tourists, now we come to the thousand Buddha Cave Scenic Area. There are 83 caves and 77 existing numbered caves. Among them, there are more than 40 caves with residual murals. The total area of murals is 1200 square meters. It is the largest number of caves and the most abundant murals in Turpan. There are various forms of grottoes, such as horizontal top straight cave, central pillar cave, square double set cave and dome square cave, and some built temples and Buddha platform in the middle of the grottoes.

[mural content → Jiyue painting in cave 16 → hell change in cave 17 → great lotus in cave 18 - Uighur king in Gaochang in cave 20 → Manichaeism in cave 38 → small commemorative shadow cave in cave 82 → 83]

Walking down the steps at the entrance, we can see more than a dozen caves open to tourists. The light in the caves is not very strong, and the mottled pictures on the inner wall of the arch can be seen faintly. Each line is depicted in detail. The ribbons of the characters are very dynamic, but many of the characters are incomplete, which is a pity.

The frescoes in the bozikrik Grottoes mainly include the "Buddha" with a large-scale portrait of Buddha as the center

The purpose of these paintings is to glorify the Buddhist Dharma for worshiping good men and women. From the 6th century to the 12th century, it has always been an important place for Buddhism in Gaochang kingdom. Many inscriptions in ancient Huique script, Chinese script and Baltic script are still preserved in the grottoes, which are valuable materials for studying ancient scripts. The architectural style and painting skills of the grottoes are also of high research value. In 1982, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Tourists, let's first visit cave 16. Cave 16 was excavated in the middle Tang Dynasty. There is a picture of Jiyue in the cave. In the picture, xiaohulei, an ancient musical instrument, appeared for the first time in Chinese Buddhist caves. Hulei, also known as the dragon head pipa, originated from Nanzhao music of Tang Dynasty. It is shaped like a pear with a stick, a dragon head with two strings, a boa skin covering the abdomen, and a sandalwood groove. Its authentic products are now stored in the Palace Museum of Beijing. Next, let's look at caves 17 and 18. These two caves are the earliest in the whole Grottoes group, which were excavated in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties from the 6th to 7th century. Let's first take a look at the mural "hell changes" in cave 17, which is very similar to the painting of Mani's teaching aid mansion, which is rare in China. There is a big lotus flower in the center of the top of cave 18, which is filled with geometric patterns such as triangle and four leaves in the middle. It is elegant and solemn, with national characteristics.

Next, let's visit cave 20. The murals in the grottoes show images of the Uighur king and queen of Gaochang. The Uighur king of Gaochang was wearing a lotus petal shaped crown, a round collar wide sleeve robe, a middle belt, black boots and other daily necessities. The queen is plump, wearing a crown and a red coat with lapels and narrow sleeves. The color of the portrait is gorgeous, the lines are smooth and the drawing is exquisite. Beside the portrait is the inscription of Huique. This group of murals is highly artistic and is one of the representative works of the whole thousand Buddha cave murals. Unfortunately, the original mural is on display in the Berlin Museum in Germany, and the color photos on display in the cave are based on the original. The frescoes in cave 38 are different from those before. They are about ancient Manichaeism. There are three trees in the frescoes behind the grottoes, under which there are many images of monks and nuns dressed in white and feathered people with wings, which show respect for Manichaeism. Manichaeism is a religion founded by Persian Mani, also known as Mingjiao, which worships the God of light. From the 9th century to the 12th century, Gaochang Uighur kingdom was the center of Manichaeism in the world. Manichaeism once became the state religion of Gaochang Uighur kingdom. Then we come to cave 82 and 83, which is under ganfo cave and beside muugou. This is a small commemorative shadow cave specially built for Buddhist eminent monks during the reign of emperor Gaochang in the 10th and 11th centuries A.D. A pottery relic box and a gold foil wrapping paper used by Buddhists were unearthed here. The ink mark on it indicates that the gold foil shop was located in the south of taihelou street in Hangzhou in Song Dynasty. This gold foil wrapping paper proves that Gaochang Uighur kingdom had quite close economic and trade contacts with the Song Dynasty from the 11th to the 12th century.

Tourists, from the murals of the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, we can see Xinjiang Buddhism

The long history of culture makes us have a deeper understanding of the broad and profound culture of Xinjiang. The past of Xinjiang is brilliant, and we believe that the future of Xinjiang will be more brilliant.

吐鲁番的英语导游词3

Dear tourists

Xinjiang is the largest grape producing area in China, and also the birthplace of grape cultivation in China. According to the survey, there are more than 50 grape varieties in Xinjiang. Especially in Turpan, grapes are planted everywhere, accounting for more than 90% of the total grape planting area in Xinjiang, making it a "Kingdom of grapes". The grape of Turpan evokes our infinite reverie. The wonderful lyrics of "the grapes in Turpan are ripe, and anaerhan's heart is drunk" sung among people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang fully express people's admiration for grapes. Grape is known as "Pearl and agate" and has become the symbol of "hometown of melons and fruits" in Xinjiang. Now let's go to the most beautiful place in Turpan, Grape Valley, to experience anaerhan's intoxicated mood!

Tourists, our car is driving by the flame mountain, and the west end of the mountain is the Grape Valley.

Putaogou is a north-south river valley in Huoyanshan mountains, with a total length of 7 km and a maximum width of 2 km. It is full of vineyards, inhabited by Uygur, Hui, Han and other ethnic fruit farmers. If you walk into the Grape Valley, you will see the people's canal from Tianshan Mountain. The water passes through the valley. The trees are luxuriant, the air is humid, and the climate is cool and pleasant, which is in sharp contrast to the blazing flame mountain. Looking up at the volcano and looking down at the green space, it is really a good place for summer.

Vineyard → seedless grapes → raisin drying room now we come to the vineyard. The grapes here are like the green clouds covering the sky and the green carpet covering the ground. They are connected by pieces, and the green shade covers the sun. They are fruitful. The vineyard in the grapevine Valley covers an area of more than 400 hectares. The main varieties are seedless white grape, MARUKI grape, rose red, kashhar, bijiagan, black grape, soso grape, etc. In addition, jingzaojing, aimina, seedless purple, seedless red, rose fragrance and other excellent grape varieties are introduced from abroad. Its fruit shape is different, there are spherical, oval, cylindrical, oval, some bright like agate, some crystal like pearls, and some green as jade. With an annual output of more than 6000 tons of grapes and more than 300 tons of raisins, it can be called the "world vineyard".

The outstanding grape in Xinjiang is seedless white grape, which is widely planted in Grape Valley. Look! The "Green Pearls" with oval fruit grains and light yellow green fruit hanging on the grape trellis are seedless. It has thin skin, crisp meat, juicy and sweet taste. The sugar content of the fresh fruit is more than 24%, which exceeds the sugar content of California grape in the United States and becomes the sweetest grape in the world. Because it has no seeds, it is most suitable for drying raisins. After drying, it contains more than 75% sugar, protein, organic acid and other nutrients. It is a good dry fruit with rich nutrition. The seedless raisins, which are crystal clear and jade like, are green and bright in color, sweet and sour to eat, and are known as "China Green Pearl".

The second largest cultivated area in the grape ditch is maruzi grape. Its fruit is long columnar or spindle shaped, with thin and tough skin, juicy and crisp flesh, no fragrance, but especially sweet. It is worth mentioning that due to the unique natural conditions such as low-lying, high temperature, less precipitation and strong solar radiation, all grapes in Turpan Basin are free of diseases and pests, let alone spraying pesticides. As a result, Xinjiang raisin is famous at home and abroad, becoming a rare natural non-toxic fruit.

Tourists, walking in the green corridor, looking at the attractive grapes, it's really very comfortable! Just now some tourists asked: how are raisins made? Look! The flat topped, rectangular, civil structure house in front of us is a drying room specially built for drying raisins. The wall of drying room is a perforated wall made of soil blocks, and the rectangular holes mainly play the role of free ventilation. The door of the drying room is mostly located in the north or East, which can reduce the sunlight on the one hand, and on the other hand, when transporting grapes, if the drying room can't hold for a while, it can be temporarily placed on the north wall outside the drying room, so that it won't be exposed to the sunlight for several hours, and the quality of the dried grapes will not change. In Turpan, such air drying houses can be seen everywhere, but most of them are built on the hillside or on the Bank of ditch, where the terrain is open, flat, well ventilated and dry. At this point, tourists may have understood that the method of making raisins in Turpan is unique. It is not only different from other countries that use the sun to expose themselves to the sun, but also not use artificial heating and drying. Instead, it is completely dried by the dry and warm climate. In this way, the chlorophyll in the grape fruit is completely preserved, and the grape turns dry green. Among the raisins with an annual output of about ten thousand tons in the world, it can also be regarded as an exclusive product.

In addition to raisins, Turpan wine is also very famous for its good color, aroma and long brewing history. Wang Han, a poet of Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising: "the wine is beautiful, sprinkle the luminous cup. If you want to drink pipa, you will be urged immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in the past The poet's famous lines describe the charm of grape wine and the heroic spirit of the general galloping on the battlefield.

Tourists, now we are in the north of Putaogou. On a marble tablet in front of us is the word "Putaogou". This is the handwriting of Peng Zhen, former chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. You can take photos here.

Here the water is gurgling and the grape stands are full. We stroll in the grape corridor, just like enjoying the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. We don't know that we are in the Flaming Mountain in the scorching sun. Through the stone bridge and in the grape Kingdom, you can see the spring water seeping from the gravel layer of the cliff, converging into a pool. The fish in the pool seem to be as happy as the tourists. The fish are happy, the people are happy, and the spring is clearer.

Tourists, now we have a rest in the corridor of Grape Valley. We all sit around and enjoy the surrounding landscape. We also taste all kinds of fresh grapes and fruits with different colors, sizes and tastes. We are addicted to eating grapes. By the way, since 1990, the "China Silk Road Turpan Grape Festival" has been held in Turpan from August 20 to 26 every year. Grape in Turpan has broken through its own boundaries and become a bridge of cultural exchanges and a link of economic and trade exchanges.

There are also grape Museum, wine tasting point, Folk Museum and other visiting facilities in the tourist area, as well as Uygur folk music performances. We will visit them after a short rest.

吐鲁番的英语导游词4

Dear tourists

When you come to Turpan, people can't help but ask: how can there be large oases in places with extremely dry climate, known as "Huozhou" and "Fengku"? What's the secret? The secret is the Karez group distributed in Xinjiang, which is like the blood of human body, extending to the vast Gobi and irrigating a large area of Xinjiang. The wonderful Karez is also the most widely distributed in Turpan, becoming the spring of life and the source of evergreen, watering Turpan's verdant grapes and sweet melons. Now let's visit this world-famous irrigation project.

Structure of Karez → construction method of Karez

Tourists, now we come to Karez paradise. First of all, please follow me to Karez museum to learn about the construction of Karez.

Karez is a kind of underground water diversion project created by the working people of all ethnic groups living in Xinjiang according to the local climate and hydrological characteristics. There are about 1600 Karez in Xinjiang, among which Turpan is the most concentrated. According to statistics, there are 1158 Karez in Turpan, with a total length of about 5000 km, which is equivalent to the mileage from Urumqi to Harbin. Karez is one of the greatest underground water conservancy projects in ancient China. It is called "underground canal" by experts in geography. Together with the great wall and Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is called the three major projects in ancient China.

You may have heard about Karez, but its structure may not be very clear. Now I'll introduce it to you. Karez was called "Jingqu" in ancient times, which means "Jingxue". It is composed of four parts: vertical shaft, underground channel, open channel and waterlogging dam.

The reason why a large number of Karez were built in Turpan is inseparable from the natural conditions here. First of all, the terrain of Turpan Basin is very low, with an area of 2085 square kilometers below sea level. Turpan is surrounded by mountains. Every year, a large amount of snow on the mountains melts and flows into the valley. When the snow water flows through the Gobi, it seeps into the ground to form a subsurface flow, which provides a rich source of water for Karez.

Then how is the Karez built? Please see: the construction method of Karez is to find the water source at the snow water undercurrent in the high mountains and valleys, and then drill a vertical shaft every 20 to 30 meters, the depth of the shaft varies from 10 to tens of meters, to gather the groundwater to increase the water potential, and then according to the terrain, dig an underground channel at the bottom of the shaft to connect with each well, drain it straight down, and connect it to a distant place Oasis, water will be led out from the open channel to the ground for irrigation. Waterlogging dam is a reservoir for regulating water quantity. A Karez is generally about 3 km long, and the longest one is usually several Karez connected for tens or even hundreds of kilometers, in which there are at least dozens of shafts and more than 300 shafts. The shaft in the upstream is relatively deep, up to 100 meters in some cases, and the shaft in the downstream is relatively shallow, generally only a few meters. The function of Karez is to avoid water evaporation. This project is a great innovation to adapt to the characteristics of dry climate. What is particularly praiseworthy is that the local people rely on their hands and simple tools to dig deep wells and underground canals. The vastness of the project and the ingenious structure are amazing.

I would like you to recall that when we drove near Turpan City, we could see piles of round earth bags down the slope on the Gobi outside the lush oasis, extending to the oasis in an orderly way. Those are the vertical wellheads of Karez. If you look down from high altitude, those mounds are like necklaces tied with pearls, decorating Turpan, an ancient but still youthful place.

Reasons for the construction of Karez → origin of Karez tour guide of Xinjiang general situation tour guide of Putaogou in Turpan tour guide of Niya site

Now let's talk about the reasons for the construction of Karez. Due to the drought and less rain in Xinjiang, the amount of evaporation is large, and the Karez is an underground channel for water delivery, with small evaporation and stable flow, which can be irrigated by gravity all the year round. In addition, the soil here is calcareous clay, so the dug Karez is very solid and not easy to collapse. The temperature of snow water in high mountains is very low, if direct irrigation is unfavorable to the growth of crops, while the surface temperature in Turpan is very high, the temperature rises naturally after snow water flows through Karez, which is very suitable for watering crops. Therefore, in the long-term struggle against drought, people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang invented this method of digging wells and irrigating fields. A Karez is a fresh spring that is not dry. It forms the lifeline and lifeline of Huozhou, which makes Xinjiang, a place with little rainfall, accumulate water and become an indispensable spring of life in Xinjiang people's life.

There are always three theories about the origin of Turpan Karez: one is the theory of Guanzhong well canal in Han Dynasty. This view holds that the "well canal method" invented by people in Han Dynasty was introduced into Xinjiang and developed into Karez now. The second is related to Lin Zexu. After Lin Zexu was exiled to Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty, he went through Turpan in 1845 and found that it was hot and rainy. So he carefully checked the terrain and water sources, and guided the people of Xinjiang to invent this method of digging wells and irrigating fields according to their own geographical characteristics. The third view is that Karez was first created by the Persians in Western Asia 2500 years ago and later passed down to Xinjiang. Of course, these three views need to be verified.

But what I want to tell you is that the distribution of Karez on the earth is connected with the Silk Road, which connects Eastern and Western cultures. Karez have been found in Pakistan, Iran and along the Caspian Sea. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Karez is a pearl in the world cultural heritage. Until today, Karez still plays an important role in the agricultural development of Turpan, Xinjiang.

Karez open channel → Karez culvert

After visiting the Karez Museum and walking out of the museum, you can see the clear spring beside the road. This is the pure snow mountain water flowing out of the Karez canal. It is crystal clear. If you reach for it, you will feel cool. It's really "crystal clear and cool".

The underdrain of Karez can only be seen when you enter the cave. You can only see the water gurgling in the underdrain, which makes you feel very happy. There are thousands of such wells and canals in Xinjiang. The total length of the underground rivers is twice as long as that of the Great Wall, and far more than that of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal.

Tourists, today's Karez is not only an important water conservancy facility, but also a great cultural landscape for Chinese and foreign tourists. In particular, a folk song and dance performance full of Xinjiang Uygur strong customs in Karez paradise will make you feel restless. The bright rhythm, light melody and passionate mood make you join them while enjoying. You can't help singing and dancing like Uygur girls and young men, and feel the pure fun of this song and dance hometown.

Ladies and gentlemen, the melodious singing in Karez paradise has already been sung. Now, please go to enjoy it!

吐鲁番的英语导游词5

Dear tourists

As we all know, the hottest place in the country is Turpan, and the hottest place in Turpan is fangdangtui Huoyan mountain. In summer, the highest temperature of Huoyanshan is above 47.8 ℃. In midsummer, when the sun is red, the earth's atmosphere is transpiration and the clouds are shrouded, which is very spectacular.

The name of Huoyanshan → mountain characteristics

Tourists, through the window, we can see that the thing in front is like a fire dragon lying in the middle of Turpan Basin. The red mountain is Yanshan.

The name of Huoyanshan mainly comes from its appearance. Look! The bedrock of Huoyanshan is exposed, the reddish brown sandstone glows in the hot sun, and the hot air is rolling up, just like thousands of flames burning. The name of "Huoyanshan" comes from this. Huoyanshan is called chishi mountain in ancient books, and kiziltag in Uighur language, which means red mountain. CEN Shenci, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, passed through Huoyanshan and wrote "the volcano stands out at the mouth of chitingkou, and the fire clouds are thick in May.". The mountains are full of volcanoes and the birds are flying far away. "Dare not come". Chen Cheng, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem to describe it: "a piece of smoke and a piece of red, burning to the sky. At the end of spring, it's half as clear as summer. Who knows that there is Zhu Rong in the west? " It can be called a vivid portrayal of Huoyanshan.

Huoyanshan is a long and narrow mountain in east-west direction, with a total length of 98 km and a north-south width of 9 km. The general height is about 500 meters, and the highest peak is 831.7 meters. Despite the fact that there is no grass on the surface of Huoyan mountain, due to crustal movement and river cutting, there are many picturesque gullies and canyons hidden in the mountain, such as Putaogou, tuyugou, taoergou, mumugou, shengjinkou Canyon, etc. In these valleys, the streams linger, the melons and fruits are fragrant, the flowers and trees are verdant, and the scenery is charming, just like the "flower and fruit dock" scene in "Huozhou".

The formation of Huoyanshan → the best observation point is shengjinkou

Perhaps some tourists will ask: How did the flame mountain form? How many years ago? The answer to these two questions can be traced back to 140 million years ago. At that time, due to the short and small folds in the front of Bogda mountain in the east of Tianshan Mountain, the crust changed, and after the Himalayan orogeny, the rudiment of the mountains gradually formed. Since then, it has experienced a long geological period, spanning several geological periods of Jurassic, Cretaceous and tertiary, together with the special climate environment, showing the current geological shape.

Tourists, the best place to observe the structure of Huoyanshan is shengjinkou. Please get out of the car and take photos in front of the stone pedestal with the sign of "Huoyanshan", and then listen to my explanation.

Shengjinkou is 30 kilometers away from Turpan City in the west, connecting Xinjiang with the mainland of 312 national highway, and crossing the Huoyanshan by the mugou river. Shengjinkou mountain is a precipitous place for military strategists since ancient times. As for the name of shengjinkou, there is another origin: in the past, the local people called shengjinkou "seeping mouth". That's because after the water from mutugou flowed out of Tianshan Mountain, it became less and less. When they arrived at the Gobi desert near shengjinkou, the water almost seeped clean, so they called it "seeping mouth". Later, people thought the name was not very auspicious, so they changed its homonym to "shengjinkou", so it has been used to this day.

[story of Huoyanshan: myth of journey to the West → Uyghur folklore] tourists, Huoyanshan is named not only because of its unique appearance and structure, but also because of its legendary mythology.

Journey to the west is one of the stories in which the master and apprentice of Tang monks and disciples of the Tang Dynasty are hindered from learning from the Buddhist scriptures in Huoyan mountain. In the 59th and 60th chapters of journey to the west, "Tang Sanzang road blocks Flame Mountain, and sun Xinger's three tune banana fan," it is written: "there is a state of Sri on the Western Road, which is the place where the sun sets. It is commonly called" the end of the sky. ". There is a flame mountain here. It is hot all the year round. The Flame Mountain has a flame of 800 Li, surrounded by nothing. If you cross the mountain, you will turn your copper skull and iron body into juice. " Although this description is exaggerated, the basic characteristics of hot seasons and barren grass are completely consistent with the actual situation of Huoyanshan. It can be seen that the author did not invent it out of thin air.

In the eyes of the common people, good is the highest beauty, so the ending of the story in Huoyanshan is that justice will defeat evil, which has been described in detail in Uygur folklore. It is said that a long time ago, there was a dragon in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, which ate only boys and girls. The local top leader was determined to kill the dragon for the people, so he sent a warrior named Hala and Zhuo to subdue the dragon. After a thrilling battle, Hara and Zhuo beat the dragon with their swords and finally subdued the dragon. After the dragon was injured, it rotated along the mountain, and the whole mountain was dyed red by blood. Therefore, Uighur people called this mountain "Red Mountain".

Beautiful legend, profound meaning, reverie. Tourists, when we stop and think about the flame mountain, we will feel that the wonders of Flame Mountain are not enough, and the story of Flame Mountain is endless. In order to make sure that you don't have any regrets, the next time you visit the old city of Gaochang and the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, you have to pass by the flame mountain. Therefore, we can fully enjoy the wonderful scenery of the flame mountain from different directions. I hope the trip to flame mountain will leave you a good memory.

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