英语谚语中的名词性从句

1.求含有名词性从句的英语谚语

What ends well is well. 结果好，就一切都好。

What glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都应量力而行。Children are what the mothers are. 耳濡目染，身教言传。

Choose an author as you choose a friend. 择书如择友。 Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。

Count one's chickens before they are hatched. 蛋未孵先数雏。 Do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。

Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 Don't claim to know what you don't know. 不要不懂装懂。

Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用，这四种从句合称名词性从句。

它们在主句中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语，都不能用逗号与主句分开。（注：句中划线部分为从句）■主语从句1、定义：先找到句子的谓语，主句的谓语前面的从句，叫做主语从句。

Why he left wasn't important.(wasn't是主句的谓语动词，why he left做主语从句)That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.(may have been due是主句的谓语动词，that she became an artist做主语从句)2、借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面①由that引导的主语从句可以放在主语的位置，这时that不可以省略。例如：That prices will go up is certain.that主语从句放在句首的情况不是很常见，绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面。

It is strange that he knows nothing about it.It is a pity that he can't swim.It happened that he wasn't in that day.It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.在口语中，用it做形式主语时，主语从句的that可以省略。②wh-疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首（第一组），也可以借助形式主语it（第二组）。

第一组：When he'll be back depends much on the weather.How it was done was a mystery.Whether we'll succeed remains to be seen.第二组：It is uncertain whether the game will be held.It's a puzzle how life began.It doesn't matter much where we live.Is it known where he went？■宾语从句1、定义：及物动词（第一组）和介词（第二组）的后面可以接从句做宾语，叫做宾语从句。第一组I guess(that) we'll leave soon.He asked when we would be in London.She informed me (that) she was to send for it the next day.(that可以省略)I'll tell you what I read in today's paper.第二组I'll find out whether she's interested in going.Can you give us a description of what has happened.She was shocked by what she had seen.2、借助形式宾语it,that引导的宾语从句放在后面。

I've heard it said that you have won a scholarship.分析：it在句中做形式宾语，said做宾语补足语，that you have won a scholarship是真正的宾语。She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.分析：it在句中做形式宾语，that all the children are well taken care of是真正的宾语。

■表语从句1、定义：系动词的后面可以接句子做表语，叫做表语从句。The fact is that she never liked him.That is not what I meant.The question is who is responsible for what has happened.She is no longer what she used to be.2、注意：①The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.分析：the reason做主语时，表语从句用that引导。

②引导表语从句的that一般不省略。■同位语从句1、定义：有些名词的后面可以跟that引导的从句，说明这个名词的内容，这样的从句叫做同位语从句。

所以，只有可以有内容的名词才可以接同位语从句，例如：fact,message,idea,possibility,conclusion,thought,news,order,report,rumor等等。that在从句中不做成分，但是不能省略。

He had the feeling that he would not see her again.I've come to the conclusion that it won't be wise to do so.2、有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.that引导的同位语从句修饰the rumor，但是主句The rumor spread太短，如果把后面的同位语从句放在the rumor后面，主语太长，给人头重脚轻的感觉。

3、在少数情况下，名词性从句的其他关联词也可以引导同位语从句。但if不可以引导同位语从句。

You have no idea how worried I was.I have no idea why she left.There is some doubt whether John will come on time.在学习名词性从句时注意下面四点：一、名词性从句要用陈述语序，也就是说：①名词性从句的关联词做主语的话，关联词后面接谓语动词；②名词性从句的关联词不做主语的话，关联词后面接从句的主语和谓语。①I don't know who broke the window.（宾语从句中关联词who做主语，broke是谓语动词）②The little boy told his mother where he found the coin.（宾语从句中关联词where不做主语，where后面接主谓部分he found）二、感叹句做名词性从句时语序不做变化Don't you know how excited I was then？三、时态的呼应某些从句（特别是宾语从句）中的动词时态，常受主句谓语时态的制约。

①如果主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语可以不受影响。例如：Has he told you when he received the gift?Will you tell me how you two are getting along？②如果主语谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语一般要跟着改为相关的过去时。

I didn't know where they lived.He thought he was working for the people.asked him how long he had been waiting.③但是，当宾语从句表示永恒真理时谓语可以不变：This proved that the earth is round.四、当and连接两个that引导的宾语从句时，and后面的that不可以省略She promised (that) she would come 。

1.连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略.如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期过得好.2.连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if.如：He asked whether [if] I would show him the way.他问我是否可以给他带路.3.连接代词 who(m),whose,which,what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等.如：That's why she wanted to leave.这就是她想离开的原因.When we arrive doesn't matter.什么时候到没有关系.Tell me which one you like best.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个.4.连接副词 when,where,why,how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语.如：The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这个计划.When she'll be back depends much on the weather.她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气.Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜.。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较： whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.[编辑本段]二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。

主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should） +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… [编辑本段]三、宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。

例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。

此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if: a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？ 你能否告诉我是去还是留？ 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left 。

名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

2. 宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

3. 表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That's just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

4. 同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句：

I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

名词性从句包括：主语从句，定语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，宾语从句.他们分别在句子中做主语，定语，同位语，表语和宾语.七、if, whether引导的名词从句

1)yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

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